Question 1

What is the stoichiometric equivalence formula for titration?

Accepted Answer

At the equivalence point, moles of H⁺ equal moles of OH⁻: Ma × Va × a = Mb × Vb × b, where a is the number of protons on the acid and b is the number of hydroxides on the base.

Question 2

Why is the equivalence pH of a weak acid titration greater than 7.0?

Accepted Answer

When a weak acid (e.g. CH₃COOH) is neutralized by a strong base (NaOH), the resulting conjugate base (CH₃COO⁻) undergoes basic hydrolysis in water, producing OH⁻ ions and driving the equivalence pH into the basic range (typically pH 8.5–9.0).

Question 3

What is the difference between endpoint and equivalence point?

Accepted Answer

The theoretical equivalence point occurs when chemically equivalent quantities of reactants have combined. The experimental endpoint is the physical change observed (such as an indicator color change) indicating that equivalence has been reached.

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